PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MENUJU INDONESIA BARU

Salah satu fenomena menarik yang dapat disimak oleh banyak pihak tentang birokrasi di Indonesia adalah cepatnya para birokrat menangkap istilah-istilah sosial dan politik yang berkembang dalam wacana akademis. Kemudian, istilah-istilah itu dijadikan sebagai slogan yang tercantum dalam kebijakan pem- bangunan. Sebut saja salah satu diantaranya adalah istilah partisipasi. Konsep ini semula berkembang sebagai kritik terhadap pelaksanaan pembangunan tahun 1970 an dan awal 1980-an yang tidak menyertakan aspirasi rakyat.
Dalam perkembangan pembangunan berikutnya, istilah partisipasi telah menjadi slogan dalam birokrsi kita bahkan tertuang dalam GBHN. Pendek kata semua birokrat ketika mereka berbicara pembangunan senantiasa kata-kata partisipasi tak pernah terlewatkan. Salah satu percepatan mengapa istilah itu sa-ngat cepat diadopsi dalam birokrasi pemerin-tahan di Indonesia adalah bahwa para ilmuwan seringkali memainkan peran sekaligus birokrat (orang-orang kampus yang bekerja ganda sebagai pembantu di departemen). Hal lain adalah dorongan lembaga donor untuk mengunakan konsep partisipasi dalam pendanaan pembangunan. Hal-hal yang tidak berbau partisipasi tidak mungkin didanai oleh lembaga donor.
Ketika partisipasi diadopsi oleh birokrasi pemerintahan, penerapan tentangnya sangat jauh berbeda dengan apa yang diperdebatkan para akademisi. Partisipasi bagi birokrat artinya adalah bagaimana masyarakat tunduk dan patuh melaksanakan program-program pembangunan pemerintah, sedang apa yang dimaksudkan oleh ilmuwan sosial adalah bahwa partisipasi sebagai style of development yang menyertai sejak awal pembangunan dilakukan dalam penentuhan kebutuhan dan kepentingan masyarakat. Partisipasi bukan salah satu unsur dari style of development.
Kebiasaan seperti ini hingga sekarang masih berlangsung. Kata pemberdayaan (empo-werment) sangat cepat menjadi bagian dari kebijaksanaan pembangunan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Menurut hemat saya, konsep pemberdayaan yang diadopsi oleh pemerintah sa-ngat berlainan dengan konsep-konsep yang berkembang dalam wacana akademis. Bagi pemerintah, konsep pemberdayaan digunakan untuk mendukung program pembangunan pemerintah yang intinya tidak ada perubahan cara berfikir tentang pembangunan dari gaya pembangunan tahun 1970-an. Asumsinya masyarakat itu bodoh, kurang maju oleh sebab itu perlu diberdayakan. Dengan demikian muncullah program-program pembangunan pemerintah tentang pemberdayaan. Tentu, dalam contoh program IDT, masyarakat berhak menentukan sendiri tentang kegiatan apa yang hendak dibuatnya, akan tetapi esensinya program ini adalah dilahirkan dari atas yang semata-mata bahwa ketidakberdayaan (disempowerment) masyarakat merupakan ketidakberdayaan ekonomi. Oleh sebab itu, masyarakat diberi dana untuk merencanakan kegiatan sendiri. Meskipun dari keseluruhan program yang ada, program ini adalah satu-satunya program pembangunan yang dananya langsung menyentuh masyarakat bawah.
Ketidakberdayaan tidak pernah dipikirkan terhadap masyarakat yang terkena paksaan untuk menanam TRI (Tebu Rakyat Intensifikasi), mengunakan pupuk tertentu dan sebagainya. Pendek kata dalam realitas soiologis istilah pemberdayaan sangat diwarnai oleh birokrasi pemerintahan, yang esensinya adalah tidak berbeda dengan prinsip pembangunan masa lalu yakni pada dasarnya masyarakat itu dianggap bodoh dan oleh karenanya perlu diberdayakan. Persoalanya sekarang adalah apa pemberdayaan itu? dan bagaimana ide pemberdayaan benar-benar dapat dipahami oleh birokrasi pemerintahan serta masyarakat pada umumnya untuk mendorong lahirnya Indonesia Baru? Apa pula tantangan-tantangan untuk mencapai ide tersebut? Langkah-langkah macam apa yang perlu diambil dalam rangka peru-bahan ini?

Beberapa Konsep Tentang Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan di Indonesia

Berbagai perbincangan tentang pemberdayaan di Indonesia ini sering kali tidak tidak jelas. Pemberdayaan sangat erat kaitannya dengan konsep pembangunan alternatif (alternative development). Adalah John Friedmann (1992) yang membidani konsep empowerment. Mengapa pembangunan alternatif? Mainstream pembangunan model pertumbuhan ekonomi yang menjanjikan pengentasan kemiskinan dan keberlanjutan lingkungan telah dianggap gagal sebab pembangunan model ini banyak meng-hasilkan pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak kema-nusiaan dan otoritas kekuasaan negara sangat dominan yang cenderung sulit dikontrol oleh masyarakatya. Fenomena ini banyak terjadi di negara-negara berkembang pada umumnya, termasuk di Indonesia. Atas kegagalan inilah orang masih berpikir tentang pengharapan. Pengharapan ini adalah lahirnya praktek pembangunan alternatif yang menuntut adanya demokrasi, pertumbuhan ekonomi yang menjamin
kepentingan rakyat banyak (appropriate economic growth), kesamaan gender (gender equ-ality) dan keadilan antargenerasi (intergenera-tional equity).
Konsep pembangunan alternatif ini sangat erat kaitanya dengan konsep civil society bahkan tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lain. Pembangunan alternatif ini, sebagai ekspresi militansi civil society, lebih pada sentuhan politis. Pernyataan politisnya diungkapkan pada universal human rights dan hak-hak bangsa yang ada dalam komunitas politis terutama hak-hak masyarakat yang selama ini tanpa bisa bersuara, kemiskinan yang takberdaya yang dialami oleh mayoritas penduduk. Civil Society digambarkan sebagai bentuk associations beyond the reach of the state and corporate economy which have the capacity for becoming autonomous centers for action. Oleh sebab itulah civil society selalu digunakan dalam bentuk masyarakat plural dimana masyarakat itu terstrukturkan atas kelas, kasta, agama, bahasa, identitas kedaerahan, budaya, ras dan gender.
Empowerment pada akhirnya digunakan sebagai pendekatan pembangunan alternatif yang menekankan otonomi pembuatan keputusan dari masyarakat yang terorganisasikan, local self reliance (bukan autarchy), direct (participatory) democracy dan melalui proses belajar secara sosial. Pendekatan ini dilakukan dalam pembangunan alternatif untuk menuju terwujudnya cicil society. Tesis pembangunan alternatif ini mengungkapkan bahwa jika kemiskinan
adalah sebuah kondisi ketidakberdayaan relatif (relative disempowerment) sehubungan dengan kesempatan setiap rumah tangga sebagai basis kekuatan sosial (social power), maka kunci untuk mengatasi kemiskinan masal adalah pemberdayaan sosial dan politik dari orang-orang miskin itu sendiri.
Apa yang diungkapkan oleh Friedmann tersebut di atas, adalah jelas bahwa konsep tentang pemberdayaan (empowerment) lebih menekankan ketidakmampuan masyarakat terhadap tekanan struktural yang diakibatkan oleh model pembanguan pertumbuhan yang meng-abaikan hak-hak kemanusian. Kemiskinan ekonomi karena terjadi bukan karena pada dasarnya bahwa masyarakat malas dan bodoh, akan tetapi ketidakberdayaan seperti itu akibat dari struktur ekonomi politik sebuah negara. Pembangunan alternatif berupaya untuk membongkar disempowerment yang berlangsung dalam masyarakat.

Information Technology and Communications ( TIK) Solution from Regional Pemekaran in Indonesia

Though Mendagri Mardiyanto have expressed that pemekaran of autonomous forming or area [of] area [is] newly delayed till 2009. But, euphoria of pemekaran area continuously bergulir. One of [the] elementary factor [of] cause of euphoria of pemekaran area [is] still lower the nya [of] quality of public service. Euphoria have transformed to become the social pathology which must [is] immediately eliminated in order not to be productive contra. information technology And Communications ( TIK) Nya must can become the correct solution. Unhappily TIK in context e-Government which have and [is] being woke up by Local government [of] most its concept not yet earth. Conception the Online Service not yet been developed with the approach of life situation.
From the aspect of spasial and urban agglomeration, pemekaran area in fact oppose against the global trend. Because at the moment town growth which go forward [in] world exactly instruct to association or town merger to streamline various resource [go] to the prosperity [of] entire/all citizen. As one of [the] the example [is] [in] Japan. Regional Merger exactly [is] often happened [in] Nippon of[is so-called with the term of shichouson gappei. There exactly [there] no step pemekaran resulting to increase [it] Provinsi or Sub-Province. If we perceive there [is] two kredo from regional merger over there, namely consistency as traditional vision to create the regional strategy role in economic development and efficiency as its mission to remain to kontinu in secure and prosperous [of] its citizen. We can take the benefit from experience [in] Japan. Especially which is concerning consistency aspect, efficiency and efektifitas in managing area. Cannot be denied again that problem of obsolence of bureaucracy service, resource management which amburadul, budget Iameness and the limited political participation become the especial pemicu [of] pemekaran area.

For that overcome the problems of pemekaran region which tend to to become the marak these days, hence needed [by] a governance capable to realize to arrange the management or system of governance management which akuntabel and modern, able to overcome various constraint spasial, problem demography, economic justice and participation democratize the people in more optimal. For that local government have to formulate its character [is] each its area instructing as industrial town, service, even also town wisata. All owning reason which enough and of course all requiring inwrought digital infrastructure used to support the Vision and its area Mission. In principle Smart Infrastructure represent the City / regency of Area Network as inwrought communications means in the form of voice, connective data and video [of] data center by various governmental institution and public facility. Besides Smart Infrastructure also include;cover the system of management kependudukan, licensing, officer, area earnings, event process the raga / senibudaya and business services. Either through Web and also in the form of Inwrought Service system One Door. digital Infrastructure [of] town [of] above will quickly expand technologically [is] network of berpita-lebar nirkabel with the wide [of] reach like Wimax ( Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), and earn metropolitan Also Area Network ( MAN).

above mentioned Elementary concept represent the concept in development e-Government in principle to develop;build the information media, public service and transaction which can be accessed by online. That concept [is] marked with the integration [of] various electronic service. Unhappily, conception that perkembanganya still tersendat-sendat. Because bureaucrat often kedodoran in meng-upgrade application. Follow the example of the case which is at most met [by] [is] more and more [his/its] [is] portal [of] property of local government which its contents [of] kadaluarsa and very boring because its contents [of] only which just that. Time has come [do/conduct] the outsourcing of operational and development of portal [of] local government [is] such as those which happened [in] developed countries. Where [party/ side] credible receiver outsource surendered [by] the responsibility to operate and develop the portal a town so that become to draw. Besides also important progressively its[his] [is] development konten and integrate various application to be provided by online.

Problem of area earnings [of] along with its disparitas allocation also represent the glorious factor pemicu [of] pemekaran area. During the time area earnings assessed [by] not yet shown the strategic performansi budgeting as management of finance proaktif which its vision [is] melesat forwards. Various earnings goals impress [by] as choice minimalis in comparison with potency which ought to can diunduh. Dig of Earnings of Area Iease, Area Retribution, Result of Company [of] property of Area and Result Of Management of Area Properties not yet been managed with the system which consolidation well. it[him] strategic step to increase performansi budget and improve;repair the quality APBD by executing program of Local Government Finance and Governance Reform. Namely by planning system development Monetary Management Information [of] Area [ SIPKD] and Monetary Information System [of] Area [ SIKD]. This System development marginally aim to to support the reform of area finance [go] to the make-up of performance of going concern tatakelola area finance and also strengthen the role and financial function [of] area as activator of[is make-up of local economic performance and make-up of service standard. its[his] Important [is] make-up of performance of management of area finance [of] pursuant to international best practice.

Ideally the system composed [by] the Core Function System, Non Core and Colaboration and communication System. Core Function represent the especial system [of] management of area finance covering, Planning, Budget Preparation, Budget Execution and Accounting. Non Core Function represent the system of supporter of management of area finance covering: Cash Management, Management of Earnings and Receivable, Asset Management, and Debt Management. And Colaboration and communication System represent the facility of supporter of management of area finance cover the: facility of kolaborasi and communications. Planning module in core function system [is] module used for the mengolah of data or information qualitative and kuantitif from central government relate to the minimum of service standard ( IPM) National / local Planning Document ( Note APBN / d), Budget Preparation guidelines, also data or information from area [by] xself like Middle Meter Development Plan [of] Area ( RPJM-DAERAH), [Common/ public] Policy [of] APBD (KUA)

PEMEKARAN of AREA of ELITE AMBITION OR PEOPLE REQUIREMENT

By teoritik, policy pemerintaha to bloom some area in Indonesia have added the new problems number especially in course of compilation Invite the invitor and our system ketatanegaran in this time. Policy to [do/conduct] the pemekaran area (it) is true have to be seen in in perpective [of] multidimensional. [In] one side of problem of pemekaran area represent a[n society demand which feel its area [is] dieksplorasi, and exploited [by] the center redundantly. On the other hand, pemekaran area [is] not meant [by] as effort of[is make-up of capacities, and kapabilitas aparatur local government, but, exactly on the contrary.

issue of Pemekaran area [in] some region in Indonesia recently have to be confessed [by] most more have political nuance [to] besides caused [by] a elite conflict, what possible fail in pilkada or just desire multiply the politics [position/occupation] which wish reached for. This matter at least can be seen from result of jajak opinion [done/conducted] [by] Litbang Compass ( 11 / 2), seen [by] only 33,4 [gratuity/ %] having a notion that pemekaran will profit the society and rest profit the certain people and existing political party.

Former [Common/ public] Governance Director-General and Area Autonomy ( Domestic Departmental PUOD), Sumitro Maskun, natural [of] pespektifnya, ideally one provinsi have four or five sub-province. This means pemekaran provinsi have to be followed with the smallening of[is amount of Area which is not potential. Regional Pemekaran [of] itself relied on [by] consideration of population growth, optimalisasi resource [in] area and also effectiveness and efficiency in service.

President SBY-PUN in its Oration before Plenary Conference [of] DPD RI 2006 then express that, since Invitor invite the Number 22 Year 1999 gone into effect [by] up to going into effect [it] Invite the Number invitor 32 Year 2004 telah148 area [of] result of pemekaran ( seven provinsi and 114 sub-province and also 27 town). fanciful number for the addition of regional newly [in] archipelagic country Indonesia. pursued [by] Governmental Seakan-Akan [of] goals to form the new area. By the end of year 2007 noted [by] have 179 area [is] newly formed composed [by] 7 Province, 31 Town and 141 Sub-Province, really very fanciful number in order to new area forming without clear grand design. Its meaning since year 2004 to the last 2007 there [are] addition 4 town and 27 Sub-Province in range of time 3 the year, Surprisingly although Depdagri have expressed the hamper 80% area [of] result of pemekaran unable to walk [by] xself and goodness, its reality in the year 2008 this, DPR with government return to study some new area [is] which return ready for bloomed at least there [is] 12 BILL pemekaran area [is] ready to studied. Although remember the writer, President [of] before Special Plenary Conference [of] DPD RI 2006 and 2007,menyatakan will [do/conduct] the evaluation to pemekaran area and [do/conduct] the stop [of] whereas ( moratorium pemekaran), but surprisingly pemekaran be really walk without there [is] clear framework.

By teoritik by considering various conditions, a number of amendable area. On the other side, [code/law] also enable the pemekaran. Its problem now [whether/ what] that pemekaran profit or [do] not to pertinent area? If profiting, hence government claimed to [do/conduct] pemekaran.

Born the Governmental Regulation nya [of] Number 78 Year 2007 About Forming Procedures, Abolition And Area Merger, as reviseing former PP yield 179 new area, also still not yet can [reply/ answer] and give the picture [of] about ideal framework [is] amount of area in Indonesia. Agreement taken by DPD RI with DPD RI in the early 2008 year this, to evaluate and discontinue the pemekaran area for the time being, if dilaksankan well and continued by regulasi [is] coherent and clear pemekaran, hence for the time being pemekaran area can be discontinued. At least evaluate the area governance [of] pursuant to Governmental Regulation [of] Number 6 Year 2008 containing about guidance evaluate the area governance published on 4 Februari 2008, finishing executed. Pursuant to evaluation wait the hence [is] then made [by] a grand design of[is amount of area which idela for the kontek of Indonesia today and to the fore.

[At] tataran normatif, policy of pemekaran area ought to be addressed to increase public service utilize to quicken its form [is] society prosperity. But, that happened, political importance often more dominant in so many that process pemekaran area. Even, process the pemekaran area do not seldom become the political business and money. As a result, grad of area pemekaran [is] often coloured [by] the indication of[is existence of corruption, collutio, and nepotism ( KKN). The question is [whether/ what] pemekaran area [of] either in storey;level of province of mapun of sub-province and town to give the optimal steward [at] society? Or exactly pemekaran area [done/conducted] [by] just political merespon action from certain elite?

Effect which must be accounted on from pemekaran which [do] not orient the people importance, clear very harming [of] people manifestly. At least seen from fund of counter balance [of] kedaerah [of] equal to Rp. 220,1 triliun or one-third from state expense 2006. Its meaning from facet of state's finance of appearance of pemekaran area enough encumber the APBN, which is on finally closing of insuffiency APBN return have to be paid [by] people by assorted [of] Iease or reduction subsidize to certain requirement. Although reckoned from [by] a money circulating area [of] hence the amount very beneficial area, but unhappily fund launched [by] center of kedaerah pemekaran [do] not automatically can improve the society prosperity, because the fund [is] more permeated for the routine expenditure of officer and area functionary [of] than expense public.

Revitalisasi Pemekaran Area.

If checked carefully [is] area [of] result of pemekaran in this time, hence almost most area bloomed [do] not fulfill the standard UU [of] About Governance of Area No. 32 Year 2004. process of Pemekaran area more caused [by] [is] its strength [is] demand of area people also as governmental argument in executing reform commendation. Though many area which is if seen objectively not yet entered the category to be bloomed. Technical Persayaratan, physical, and area administration which not yet can to run governance also still become the basal resistance. With the the constitutional logic, hence can be pulled [by] a red yarn from pemekaran area in Indonesia. Government [do] not ought to be hurried take the policy though current of discourse of pemekaran area continued to be raised by [all] its meaning area politician, policy [of] about pemekaran area have to [pass/through] the matured consideration process so that made no impression on there [is] which benefit and there [is] lossy.

Pursuant to research result Institute The Science Indonedia ( LIPI) Mengungangkapkan [of] about pemekaran area have affected [at] downhill [it] mount the society prosperity. Logically, pemekaran area ought to become the solution to overcome the economic difference, social jelaousy [of] society. Research LIPI [done/conducted] by [counting/calculating] trend of economics structure [in] four old provinsi and newly and also four other provinsi as comparator. Alhasil, economic activity [of] area tend to downhill or deceleration of economic activity [of] society even the condition of worse ketenagakerjaan pasca pemekaran than before pemekaran. This matter [is] happened [by] caused by strong anticipation if regional pemekaran at the most simply fulfilling political segelintir elite.

In this context, LIPI suggest the government [of] [so that/ to be] discontinuing pemekaran area. Because fact in Indonesia [do] not as in Europe. Where existing provinsi-provinsi [is] exactly joined so that more effective and efficient as form strive to increase economic competitiveness. This matter of course become the challenge of area pemekaran to indicate that the regional effort pemekaran [is] really constituted by intention and spirit [of] for the prosperity of area people. Central government have to merespon pemekaran area as part of effort of[is make-up of prosperity of society and area.

Some idea and bargain [reply/ answer] the problem of euphoria pemekaran area [of] there [is] in this time according to writer among others
1. mechanism of Proffering of pemekaran area [pass/through] the DPOD have to return [done/conducted] [by] a correction comprehensively, goodness of system and also personal DPOD. When need the its DPOD member [shall] no longger be taken hold of by ex [is] officio ( directly) by [all] related/relevant minister, but by people from various multidipliner science capable to study well and circumstantial analysis to proposal pemekaran proposed [by] a area
2. entrance Pemekaran [of] only one just just door, [do] not like during the time three door, that is government, DPR RI and DPD RI, as a result happened the " hitung-hitungan" political to area yng will be bloomed [by] without thinking of the area elegibility
3. To condition of study elegibility a area proposed have to really fulfill the existing invitation regulation, and if the feasibility study made by manipulatif, hence require to be brought an action against [by] coherent hokum to give the study hokum, because [gift/ giving] the data manipulatif can be categorized [by] a public eyewash and deception
4. To the fore to area to be bloomed, in the area Forming BILL [at] have to be made [by] a clausal, that if in certain range of time ( its goodness 5 year) the area not yet can be self-supporting hence the area returned [by] its kedaerah mains. Its target [is] [so that/ to be] proposal of pemekaran area [is] really put accross [by] pursuant to importance of area society so that [do] not generate the problem later on day
5. writer Cendrung more agree for the pemekaran of area orienting [at] make-up of public service and prosperity, hence because that service public terendah there [is] Countryside / sub-district, hence writer more pushing [of] the pemekaran only [at] countryside storey;level / just just sub-district, highest even so only pemekaran district, because direct the governance organ come into contact with society.

Revitalisasi of System and procedure, mechanism [of] concerning pemekaran area require to be [done/conducted] [by] a government utilize to avoid the efforts [of] outside constitutional to [do/conduct] the pemekaran area. " Forwards area candidate which wish bloomed have to be more ready to and can carry out the governance wheel". What require to become the governmental prirotas in short-range this [is] study the autonomous implementation [of] area [of] related to good pemekaran area in tataran of delivery kewenangan center to area and also co-ordinate [among/between] center and area. Finally if (it) is true final choice [of] pemekaran area must be done for the prosperity of society and improvement public, have to remain to be [done/conducted], hence government beforehand have to make the ideal grand design amount [of] Indonesia area to the fore, clear karma [is] we [do] not wish the pemekaran [done/conducted] [by] like people eat, hungry when hence direct eat, but pemekaran area must be done carefully, precise and according to its target.

Pemekaran Area For the Prosperity of People

Since entering reform era, Number [Code/Law] 22 Year 1999 replaced with the Number [Code/Law] 32 Year 2004 about Area Governance give the autonomous direction regulasi execution [of] area in Indonesia. Autonomous reinforcement [of] area [of] according to the [Code/Law] aim to to [be] secure and prosperous [of] society by drawing near public service to society [pass/through] autonomy.

Relate [at] [Code/Law] [of] about Governance and PP 129 year 2000 about Forming Procedures, Abolition, and Area Merger [of] hence causing [at] formed [his/its] a number of otonomous area newly. Its target none other than to draw near the locus [of] decision making [of] [at] nearest level governance with the society. Beside that service reach expected to become more efficient and effective because distance control to become more small / shorter. Because that's, demand pemekaran principally [is] justiciable, more than anything else see the regional broadness [of] Indonesia by the condition of forest and go out to sea, hence pemekaran can be viewed as [by] a effort to quicken the development sliverring.

But that way pemekaran area remain to have to pay attention the rule condition arranged in UU 32 Year 2004 and PP 78 Year 2007 about Forming Procedures, Abolition, and Area Merger ( in the place of PP 129 year 2000). That conditions cover the administration conditions, technical conditions, and conditions of region physical. Conditions is important to be fulfilled and made [by] a guidance to guarantee the otonomous area newly later can fulfill the autonomous vision [is] condition of forest and go out to sea, hence pemekaran can be viewed as [by] a effort to quicken the development sliverring.

otonomous new Area forming representing pemekaran from its mains area, goodness of real provinsi sub-province or very owning [of] objectivity able to be justified, and guaranteed by [Code/Law]. Pemekaran supported with the matured planning, comprehensive area development, and directional area settlement strategy will result the the new pemekaran area become the benediction especially to local society. Because autonomous esensi [is] process of otonomisasi society to fulfill what they want, finishing their problem, by themselves. Combination [of] [among/between] planning [of] Central government with the responsibility ( local awareness) society in optimal [of] potency which they have [is] successful key [of] pemekaran area. Therefore some factor able to become the consideration in pemekaran area utilize really tired prosperity and prosperity of regional growth and society, among others as follows :

1. Economic Factor. Pemekaran have to give the impact [of] [at] improvement of perkapita and PDRB. That Improvement can be [done/conducted] step by step with the parameter which can be made carefully by reckoning economic potency [of] area. Development priority have to be compiled carefully start from elementary infrastructure development and so on
2. Political Social Factor. Pemekaran Area have to push to gain strength [his/its] [is] social cohesion and society politics. Pemekaran may not cause the dissolution more than anything else until tip of conflict horizontal. [In] some area pemekeran oftentimes generate the political social conflict. That way also, pemekaran have to can improve the political participation [of] society in governance and development. aspiration Pemekaran have to emerge as political social awareness entire/all citizen in order to developing and secure and prosperous [of] area, non merely political importance [of] power
3. Factor of Area Independence. Especial Target [of] pemekaran and autonomous in general [is] realize the area independence. Mean the itself independence [is] gaining strength [his/its] [is] area in seceding from tergantung to central government. If area independence bloomed progressively lower, hence pemekaran can be told to [by] fail to reach its target
4. Factor of Organisai and Management. Pemekaran Area have to affect [at] organizational growth and improvement and area management affecting direct [at] quality of development. This matter cover the repair in Resource Aparatur, Resource Finansial, Society Resource, Organizational Resource [of] Peripheral, Elementary Facilities and basic facilities. [In] some area pemekaran, limitation of SDM Aparatur, Finansial, Organizational [of] peripheral, and elementary sarana-prasarana oftentimes become the big problem and [do] not show the existence of repair from time to time
5. Service Reach. By pemekaran [is] service reach ought to to society have to be efficient progressively effective and because society earn direct get the service by local government officer ( [in] its area). This is meaning decentralize in in perpective [of] public service. Where there [is] area autonomy to perform [a] and fulfill the its citizen requirement
6. quality factor public Service. After service reach closer, hence quality of service have to mount in line with reinforcement of autonomy rights had [by] the otonomous area newly. Availibility of elementary service like clothing, food, board, health, education, make-up of purchasing power society, transportation and communications, kependudukan and other have to qualitative and quantitative experience of the improvement. Pemekaran which [do] not give the make-up of the quality of public service to society have to become the big question mark to indicator of efficacy pemekaran
7. Factor arrange the good governance ( good governance). Pemekaran have to bring the effect [of] [at] materialization arrange the good and clean governance, non on the contrary exactly cause progressively its fertility [is] corruption. Good Local governance formed [by] if akuntabilitas of area governance progressively goodness, excelsior transparency, principal [of] rule of law progressively can be upheld, society participation progressively mount the, governance which is efficient progressively effective and, conflict of interest in deductible bureaucracy. admission filling of career [Position/Occupation] [do] not chockablock practice the KKN
8. Factor Responsiveness. Pemekaran Area have to push the area governance owning energy listen carefully in formulating requirement and area potency. This matter can be seen from strategic plan, program and implementation of development program. Otherwise there are strategic plan, program and program implementation which inovatif, hence pemekaran area [do] not grow the energy listen carefully the area to potency and area requirement

Policy of Region Settlement

Policy of area Settlement of not only in the form of pemekaran area
otonomous, but also otonomous area merger. Pemekaran Area is resolving one otonomous area into some otonomous area. By in consequence, pemekaran area is otonomous area forming newly.
otonomous Area merger medium is two or more otonomous area
joining forces into one otonomous area. But, practice which
is happened in the history of Indonesia Indonesian history do not know the area merger. Which many happened by otonomous pemekaran area, meaning is
otonomous area forming newly.

Otonomous Area forming newly through the process of pemekaran area existing otonomous have been recognized by since early forming of Republic Of Indonesia.
During New Order governance, pemekaran area is also happened in number
very limited. majority of area Forming is forming
Municipality as consequence from urbanizing process of some of region
a sub-province. Prosesnyapun of early with the Town forming
Administrative as administrative territory, what later;then newly can be formed
becoming Municipality as otonomous area. Process the pemekaran area more
having the character of of top-down with predominated by process teknokratis-administratif.
Process this narrow the opportunity for many area society in Indonesia
in otonomous menuntuk area forming newly in its region.